Division 2: David Lloyd A v University of Bath Ladies A (Thu 22 Mar 2018)

Match played between Sophie Martins (home) and Alice O'Keeffe (away).
Match won by Alice O'Keeffe. Result: 0-9,4-9,1-9.

Starting level for Sophie Martins: 225, level confidence: 52%.
Starting level for Alice O'Keeffe: 106, level confidence: 55%.
Sophie Martins to win as she is currently playing 112% better than Alice O'Keeffe.

Alice O'Keeffe won all of the games and 84% of the points.
This games result would be expected if she was better by around 55% or more.
This points result would be expected if she was better by around 134% (english scoring).
These are weighted and combined to calculate that Alice O'Keeffe played 134% better than Sophie Martins in this match. An upset!

Assuming that any level changes are shared between both players, for this result it looks like Alice O'Keeffe actually played at a level of 236 and Sophie Martins at a level of 101. Without any damping, both players would need to be adjusted by 123% to match this result.

Allowing for the difference in level between the players, the adjustments have been reduced to 73% and 73% respectively.

Factoring in the relative levels of confidence which allows players with low confidence in their levels to change more quickly, the adjustment for Alice O'Keeffe changes to +70% and Sophie Martins changes to -73%.

After applying standard match damping, the adjustment for Alice O'Keeffe becomes +32.2% and for Sophie Martins becomes -34%.

Apply match/event weighting of 75% for 'Womens Ladies Spring 2019 2017/2018' so the adjustment for Alice O'Keeffe is +24% and for Sophie Martins is -23%.

Apply limits to the amount of change for a single match which are based on player level, level confidence and time since last match so that Alice O'Keeffe is limited to +10% and Sophie Martins is limited to -5% level change. In general a player's level won't go up by more than 10% or drop more than 5% if they've played in the last 7 days but those limits are relaxed if their previous match was further back.

Increase level confidence due to one more match played. Alice O'Keeffe: 74%, Sophie Martins: 72%. Reduce level confidence based on how unexpected the result is. Alice O'Keeffe: 33%, Sophie Martins: 32%.

A final adjustment of -0.7% has been made to both players as part of the automatic calibration that is performed after each match. All players in this pool will have been adjusted equally in order to remain equivalent to other player pools.

Final level for Sophie Martins: 213, level confidence: 32%.
Final level for Alice O'Keeffe: 116, level confidence: 33%.

Notes

• This calculation is done in two main parts; first work out the adjustment needed to match the results and then apply damping. This means that levels should always be 'about right' but the time taken to get there or the volatility is dependent on the damping.
• A level also has 'level confidence' which drops if players haven't played for a long time or have had enexpected results. As low confidence levels adjust more quickly than high confidence levels, it allows these players to find their level more quickly without impacting their opponent's level too much.
• Point scores are used as well as game scores for accuracy - particularly important for 3-0 results - though we can work with game scores only too, albeit with more damping.
• Mismatched players are allowed for - you don't have to hammer your opponent. See explanation above if this applies to this match.
• The section on damping is where we still have some options. We have recently made a change to damp league matches more than tournament matches and box matches even more than that. This gives added weight to the more important matches.
• There are occasional, very small adjustments made to all players to keep the averages constant which are not covered here.
• You don't get a bonus just for winning - if you want to go up you have to play better than expected against your opponent.
• We have spent more than 5 years fine tuning the level calculations based on tens of thousands of match results and a great deal of feedback from players, team captains and coaches. It's the most usable and accurate ranking system there is in any sport, let alone squash.
• For a more complete explanation of how levels are calculated (on which this system is based) see the help file here.
• If you have thoughts/opinions on the above or any feedback on the way levels are calculated or updated, please contact us. We welcome all feedback, although we are keen squash players ourselves and would pefer to be on-court than in front of a screen so please be patient and please do try to see if your question has already been answered on the help page. We are unable to answer questions about hard anyone played in their match - we only get to see the results - and if your level didn't increase as expected please make sure you've looked at the above explanation before contacting us. If you want to go up the levels, train harder, listen to your coach and win more points. Or just be incredibly talented!